Acute Low Back Pain
Acute low back pain refers to sudden onset discomfort or pain in the lower back region lasting less than 12 weeks. Commonly triggered by muscle strain, ligament sprain, or minor injury, it may also result from poor posture, heavy lifting, or sudden movements. Symptoms include sharp or dull pain localized in the lower back, limited mobility, and stiffness. Acute low back pain often resolves with rest, over-the-counter pain medications, and gentle exercises to improve flexibility and strength. However, severe or persistent cases may require medical evaluation and targeted interventions such as physiotherapy or chiropractic care to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Causes:
Acute low back pain can be caused by various factors, including:
- Muscle Strain: Overstretching or tearing of muscles in the lower back due to sudden movements, lifting heavy objects, or improper lifting techniques.
- Ligament Sprain: Injury to the ligaments supporting the spine, often resulting from sudden twisting or bending movements.
- Disc Herniation: The rupture or bulging of intervertebral discs, leading to pressure on nearby nerves and causing sharp pain in the lower back.
- Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, typically due to age-related changes, leading to compression of the spinal cord or nerves.
- Trauma: Injuries from falls, accidents, or sports activities causing direct impact or trauma to the lower back.
- Poor Posture: Prolonged sitting, standing, or bending in incorrect positions leading to muscle imbalances and strain on the lower back.
- Degenerative Conditions: Wear and tear of the spinal structures over time, such as osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease, contributing to low back pain.
- Infections or Inflammation: Conditions like spinal infections, inflammatory disorders, or sacroiliac joint dysfunction can also cause acute low back pain.
Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for appropriate management and treatment of acute low back pain.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of acute low back pain may include:
- Sharp or dull pain localized to the lower back region.
- Pain that worsens with movement, especially bending or twisting.
- Stiffness and difficulty in maintaining an upright posture.
- Muscle spasms or tightness in the lower back muscles.
- Limited range of motion or difficulty performing daily activities.
- Pain radiating into the buttocks or down the legs (sciatica) in cases of nerve compression.
- Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the legs or feet.
- Pain relief when lying down or changing positions.
- Difficulty standing up straight after sitting for prolonged periods.
These symptoms vary in severity and may indicate different underlying causes of acute low back pain. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for proper diagnosis and treatment.