Trigger Finger / Causes, Symptom & Treatment

Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition where one of your fingers gets stuck in a bent position and then straightens with a snap — like a trigger being pulled and released. It can be painful and can make it difficult to move the affected finger.

Causes

The exact cause of trigger finger isn’t always clear, but there are several factors that can contribute to its development. These include:

1. Repetitive movements: Activities that involve repetitive gripping or grasping motions can strain the tendons in the fingers, leading to inflammation and trigger finger. This is common in occupations or hobbies that involve repeated use of the hands, such as typing, playing musical instruments, or using hand tools.
2. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and gout, can increase the risk of developing trigger finger. These conditions can cause inflammation in the tendons and joints, making them more prone to irritation and swelling.
3. Age and gender: Trigger finger is more common in people over the age of 40 and is more common in women than in men.
4. Hand anatomy: Some individuals may have a naturally narrower tendon sheath or thicker tendons, which can increase the likelihood of the tendon becoming inflamed and getting stuck.
5. Trauma or injury: Direct trauma to the fingers or hands, such as a blow or crush injury, can damage the tendons and contribute to the development of trigger finger.
6. Prolonged or forceful use: Overuse or forceful use of the fingers and hands, especially without proper rest or ergonomics, can strain the tendons and lead to trigger finger.

Symptom

The primary symptom of trigger finger, or stenosing tenosynovitis, is the digit becoming stuck in a bent position and then suddenly popping back into place, as if a trigger is being pulled and released. This sensation typically occurs when you try to straighten or bend your finger, and it can be accompanied by pain or discomfort. Other common symptoms include:

1. Pain or discomfort: You may experience pain or tenderness at the base of the affected finger, particularly when you try to move it.
2. Stiffness: The affected finger may feel stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
3. Clicking or popping sensation: You might notice a clicking or popping sensation when you move the affected finger, particularly when it gets stuck and then releases.
4. Finger locking: The finger may lock or catch in a bent position, making it difficult to straighten without manually manipulating it.
5. Swelling: In some cases, there may be swelling or a bump at the base of the affected finger where the tendon sheath is irritated.

Physiotherapy Treatment:

Physiotherapy can be beneficial in the treatment of trigger finger, particularly in mild to moderate cases. Here are some common physiotherapy treatments and techniques that may be used:

1. Therapeutic exercises: Physiotherapists may prescribe specific exercises to improve the range of motion and strength of the affected finger and hand. These exercises may focus on stretching tight muscles and tendons, as well as strengthening the muscles that control finger movement.
2. Manual therapy: Hands-on techniques such as massage, joint mobilizations, and soft tissue mobilizations may be used to reduce pain, improve flexibility, and promote healing in the affected finger and hand.
3. Splinting: Splinting may be used to immobilize the affected finger and reduce stress on the inflamed tendon. A physiotherapist may provide a custom-fitted splint to be worn during activities that aggravate the symptoms, such as gripping or grasping motions.
4. Modalities: Therapeutic modalities such as ultrasound, heat therapy, or cold therapy may be used to reduce pain and inflammation in the affected area.
5. Activity modification: Physiotherapists can provide guidance on modifying activities and ergonomics to reduce strain on the affected finger and hand. This may involve adjusting workplace setup, using ergonomic tools, or avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
6. Education: Physiotherapists can educate patients about trigger finger, including its causes, symptoms, and management strategies. They may also provide guidance on self-care techniques, such as proper hand and finger positioning during activities and the use of ice or heat therapy for pain relief.

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